If the compound is ingested, do not induce vomiting. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. In case of inhalation, remove to fresh air. If the contact is severe, wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the skin contaminated with an anti-bacterial cream In case of contact with the skin, immediately rinse the affected area for at least 15 minutes with plenty of water or a weak acid, for example vinegar, while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.Ĭover irritated skin with an emollient. Immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes with cold water. If the compound comes into contact with the eyes, contact lenses should be checked and removed. Effects can be delayed (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2015). Symptoms of pulmonary edema often do not manifest until a few hours pass and are aggravated by physical exertion. Inhalation of the substance may cause pulmonary edema. The compound is corrosive to the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and by ingestion. The solution in water is a strong base, reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminum and zinc. The substance decomposes on heating (924 ° C), producing toxic fumes. Lithium hydroxide is a stable compound although incompatible with strong acids, carbon dioxide and moisture. Reacts when heated above about 84 ° C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to develop toxic levels of carbon monoxide (CAMEO, 2016). It may generate flammable and / or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, organic halogen compounds, various metals, peroxides and hydroperoxides. Polymerization reactions can be initiated in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. They react with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate hydrogen gas. Lithium hydroxide solutions neutralize acids exotherm to form salts plus water. It can also react with many metals such as Ag, Au, Cu and Pt, so that it has been an important starting material in organometallic synthesis. May react with water and carbon dioxide at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide and other alkali hydroxides (NaOH, KOH, RbOH and CsOH) are very versatile for use in organic synthesis because they are stronger bases that react easily. The compound is very soluble in water and is slightly soluble in ethanol (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015). Lithium hydroxide is the only alkaline hydroxide that has no polymorphism, and its network has a tetragonal structure. Its melting and boiling points are 462 ✬ and 924 ✬ respectively. The compound has a density of 1.46 g / ml for the anhydrous form and 1.51 g / ml for the monohydrate form. It exists in two forms: the anhydrous and the monohydrate LiOH.H2O, which has a molecular weight of 41.96 g / mo. In aqueous solution it forms a crystalline liquid with an acrid aroma. Their appearance is shown in figure 2.įigure 2: appearance of lithium hydroxide. Lithium hydroxide is white crystals without a characteristic aroma (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2017). Physical and chemical properties of lithium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide was used as carbon dioxide absorbers in the submarine and inflatable source of the army balloon in 1944. It is also prepared from the reaction of lithium oxide and water: This reaction produces lithium hydroxide and also calcium carbonate: Most of the lithium hydroxide is produced from the reaction between lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide (Lythium hydroxide Formula, S.F.). In 1950, the Li-6 isotope was used as feedstock to produce thermonuclear weapons such as the hydrogen bomb.įrom that moment on the atomic energy industry of the United States began to use a lot of lithium hydroxide that lead to the surprising development of the lithium industry (Lithium hydroxide, 2016). Figure 1: Structure of lithium hydroxide.
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